Browsing by Author "Mageet AO"

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Classification of Skeletal and Dental Malocclusion: Revisited
(2016-08-12) Mageet AO
Introduction: The orthodontic dental classification used datedes for more than 100 years. The skeletal and dental classification of malocclusion has an important role in diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study is to facilitate the grouping of skeletal and dental malrelationships and to build an accurate diagnosis and to suggest treatment planning. Material and method: The main orthodontic classification systems for skeletal and dental relationship were reviewed. Results: The proposed skeletal and dental classification proved detailed accuracy and focus on relating the categories with the suggested treatment planning. The new modification of the skeletal and dental classification explained clearly the occlusal relationship and helped in setting treatment strategies. Conclusions: The present skeletal and dental classification is faster, accurate and easily applicable clinically and dealt with the shortcoming of the previous classification systems. It also helped in the suggestion of orthodontic treatment protocols.
Clinical Parameters of the Gummy Smile among Sudanese Female Sample
(2016-11-21) Mageet AO
Abstract: The gummy smile is one of the esthetic and psychological problems for adults especially females. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the gummy smile and: Length of the upper lip; height of the clinical crown and inter-labial gap and to help clinicians to indentify the most significant clinical parameters that associated with gummy smile. Materials and methods: The Sample comprised of 35 females, aged 20-35 years, matched to 35 controls for age sex and race, selected randomly from outpatient clinic at Khartoum dental teaching hospital and from Khartoum University, Faculty of Dentistry. A Sony 10 mega pixel Digital Camera was used for photography and Photoshop software program for the measurements. Results: Among the three parameters, the height of the clinical crown of maxillary anteriors teeth showed significant result of a p-value 0.04 and the Inter-labial gap showed highly significant result p-value 0.000 when comparing the sample to the controls. The inter-labial gap showed a high correlation to the gummy smile level p-value 0.016. Conclusion: A proper diagnosis and treatment planning of gummy smile should be aimed to correct these parameters and especially the inter-labia gap to normal value at the end of the treatment either by orthodontic or orthognathic surgery.
Dental Arch Dimensions and Form in a Sudanese Sample
(2018) Mageet AO
Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the dental arch dimen¬sions (width and length) and form in a group of a Sudanese sample population. Background: The size and shape of dental arches have significant implication in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning as it affects the space available, dental esthetics and stability of the occlusion. Materials and methods: This study is a biometric analysis of dental casts of 50 adult Sudanese dental students (20 males, 30 females) aged between 19 to 22 years with normal occlusion. The study was conducted at the orthodontic clinics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum. Each student was inter¬viewed and written consent was given. The inclusion criteria were: complete permanent dentition fully erupted to the occlusal plane, no proximal caries or restorations, no attrition or dental anomalies, no extractions, no previous or ongoing orthodon¬tic treatment and no fractures or jaw surgeries. Paired-test, ANOVA test, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis with a p-value set at 0.05. Results: The result showed normal occlusion is higher in males than in females. Upper arch dimensions (width and length) found to be higher in males than females, inter canine width (ICW), males 36, and females 34.45; interpremolar width (IPmW) males 48.08, females 47.58; inter-molar width (IMW) males 53.04, females 52.4; the length for males 37.98 and for females was 37.09. Comparison of Lower arch dimensions between males and females showed ICW (27.08 and 26.86); IPmW (40.97 and 39.67); IMW (45.61 and 45.69); depth was (33.91 and 33.91) consequently. The ovoid-shaped arch form was more common in both genders. Conclusion: Length dimension showed the highest value with square arch form. The width dimensions increase with little change in the inter-canine region but appreciably more in the distal part of the arch. Men have a more massive arch form than females. The ovoid arch form dominates in the Sudanese population. Clinical significance: Knowledge of arch dimensions that are associated with normal occlusion is helpful in determining treatment goals and proper diagnosis and treatment plan by choosing the right arch form for each race.
Effect of Mandibular Repositioning Appliance on Nasal Resistance of A Sample of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome Patients
(2015-05) Mageet AO
Abstract: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea / Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with obstruction of the upper airway and occurs as a result of repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep,either by anatomical or patho – physiological factors. The aim of this study is to clinically investigate the changes in nasal resistance of right and left nostrils when a mandibular repositioning appliance (MRA) was used for the treatment of OSAHS and to suggest possible improvement in research technology when using the MRA. A 23 OSAHS white Caucasian male patients aged 26-76 years were randomly selected and evaluated against 23 non-apnoeic subjects aged 26-60 years matched for race and sex from Fife region, Scotland. Anthropometric comparison is done for the body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of predicted neck circumference (PPNC). Rhinomanometer tests were used for the OSAHS patients and control before wearing the appliance and for the OSAHS group before and after wearing the MRA. Significant improvements in reduction of nasal resistance of the right and left nostrils after wearing the MRA.
Effect of Mandibular Repositioning Appliances on Inspiratory and Expiratory Total Air
(2014-09) Mageet AO
Abstract: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea / Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is associated with obstruction of the upper airway and occurs as a result of repeated closure of the upper airway during sleep, either by anatomical or patho-physiological factors. During these episodes, the diaphragm and chest muscles involved in breathing work actively to re-open the occluded airway and suck air into the lungs. The aim of this study is to clinically investigate the changes in inspiratory and expiratory total air when a mandibular repositioning appliance (MRA) was used for the treatment of OSAHS and to suggest possible improvement in research technology when using the MRA. A twenty three OSAHS white Caucasian male patients were randomly selected and evaluated against twenty three non-apnoeic subjects matched for race and sex from Fife region, Scotland. Anthropometric comparison is done for the body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of predicted neck circumference (PPNC). Rhinomanometer tests were used for the OSAHS patients and control before wearing the appliance and for the OSAHS group before and after wearing the MRA. Significant improvements of inspiratory and expiratory total air have resulted. MRA is useful alternative or adjunct to the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) devices in selected patients with snoring and mild to moderate (OSAHS).
Extraction Planning in Orthodontics
(2018) Mageet AO
Introduction: Planning extraction of teeth for orthodontic treatment is one of the challenging factors for successful functional and esthetic orthodontic results and for the longterm stability. Aim: The aim of this study is to document possible extraction guidelines for planning of orthodontic treatment for space deficiency cases related to excess tooth material. Results: The guidelines are written as patterns to facilitate the decision of extraction of teeth for class I, class II division 1, class II division 2, and class III malocclusions, for crowding, overjet reduction, or correcting the buccal segment relationship. The decision for extraction of teeth for orthodontic treatment is enforced by the oral hygiene, carious teeth, periodontal involvement, impacted teeth, supernumeraries, hypodontia, or for orthognathic purposes. Also, planning the decision for accurate extraction pattern is the main factor in the success of the orthodontic treatment and for the long-term stability of the results. Conclusion: Orthodontic tooth extraction should always be planned with consideration of the width and length of the face, the oral hygiene, carious activity, periodontal involvement, malformed crowns, length and health of the root of the teeth, prognosis of impacted teeth, supernumeraries, and hypodontia. Clinical significance: Accurate diagnosis and treatment planning following orthodontic extraction guidelines lead to a longterm stability of the corrected results.
Immediate Effect of Twin Block Appliance on the Airway on a Sample of Patients with Class II/1 Malocclusion on Skeletal II Base
(2017-04-26) Mageet AO
Abstract: There is a background relationship between the mode of breathing and antero-posterior jaw relation. Severe mandibular deficiency has been linked to reduced oropharyngeal airway dimension. Dental literature reported many studies on functional appliances and their effects, but there are few published studies on their effects on the airway. Objectives: To investigate the immediate effect of the Twin block (TB) functional appliance on the airway in patients with class II division1 malocclusion on skeletal II base and to measure the immediate changes in the position of the hyoid bone after insertion of the TB appliance. Materials and Methods: Two lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken and analyzed one before and one after insertion of the TB appliance for the 19 patients. The age range 10-14 years. Immediate change in the airway was performed by measuring the changes in the vertical position of the hyoid bone relative to the mandibular plane (H1) and to the (cv3-RGN) plane (H2). The change in the airway can be measured by the change in the vertical position of the hyoid bone before and after insertion of TB appliance (H-H1) + (H-H2). Results: The hyoid bone changes in a more superior position after the insertion of the TB appliance. The mean change was 11.8mm, with SD 2.8mm (P = 0.0001) at 0.01% level. Conclusion: Vertical hyoid bone position was changed in a more superior position immediately after the insertion of the TB appliance on patients with class II division 1 malocclusion on skeletal II base. Further, the TB has an immediate positive effect in the airway.
Intraoral Appliances for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome
(2018) Mageet AO
Abstract: Obstructive (Peripheral) Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is an increasing breathing problem, caused by the repetition of upper airway narrowing during sleep due to anatomical or pathophysiological effects. There are different treatment modalities available for curing or minimizing the problems associated with this condition, both surgical and non surgical techniques. This article intends to facilitate and improve the understanding of the use of intra-oral appliances in the treatment of OSAHS. The article groups all intra-oral devices and put them into an easily accessible format for the reader.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome and the Cranio Facio-hyoid Morphology in Adults: Linear and Angular Measurements
(2015-11) Mageet AO; Hassan Khamis, Amar
Abstract: The gold standard for diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome is the polysomnography which is expensive and time consuming. The development of alternative diagnostic methods would therefore appear to be a worthy goal, and indeed this subject has received a great deal of attention within the recent literature. Aim: To determine if there are significant differences in cranio-facio-hyoid form between the OSAHS and the controls and to suggest possible skeletal morphology for the OSAHS patients. Materials and Methods: Sixty five lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects (white Caucasian males aged between 40-65 years) who had been referred to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Sleep Centre for polysomnographic testing were retrospectively selected at random between September to December 2002. Results: Statistically significant correlations of clinical interest were found when measuring linear and angular variables between the subjects and the control which explains the severity of the disease. Conclusion: Subjects with OSAHS demonstrated significant alterations in craniofacio-hyoid form that may reduce the upper airway dimensions and subsequently impair upper airway stability and function.
Orthodontic treatment outcome in specialized training Center in Khartoum, Sudan
(2017) Mageet AO
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the need/outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement in an orthodontic training center in Khartoum, Sudan. Models of 90 patients were referred and treated at Mageet Orthodontic Training Center, Khartoum, Sudan with malocclusions of different types and severity. Three occlusal indices were used. The Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) dental health component (DHC) showed 71.2% of the cases to have great improvement (grade 4-5), 18.8% moderate (grade 3) and 10% slight (grade 2) and 0% no treatment need (grade 1) while for the esthetic component (EC) 37.7% of the cases showed great improvement (grade 8-10), 45.5 % moderate (grade 5-7) and 16.6 % slight (grade 1-4). The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) showed 57.5% of the cases with mean percentage reduction greater than 70% (93.4% of the cases shown improvement and 6.6% with no change). The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) showed 14.5% of the cases as not requiring orthodontic treatment and (34.4%) as very difficult to treat. The need for orthodontic treatment in Sudan is similar to the need in European countries, despite the fact that treated cases are more severe as compared to European countries.
The Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnoea hypopnoea Syndrome and the Cranio-Cervical Morphology in Adults: Angular Measurements
(2015-06) Mageet AO; Hassan Khamis, Amar
Objective: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a potentially life-threatening breathing disorder, caused by repeated upper airway occlusion during sleep. The gold standard for diagnosis is the polysomnography which is expensive.The development of alternative diagnostic methods would therefore appear to be a worthy goal, and indeed this subject has received a great deal of attention within the recent literature. Aim: To determine if there are significant differences in cranio-cervical morphology between the OSAHS and the controls and to suggest possible skeletal morphology for the OSAHS patients. Material and method: Sixty five lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects (white Caucasian males aged between 35-65 years) who had been referred to Edinburgh Royal Infirmary Sleep Centre for polysomnographic testing were retrospectively selected at random between September to December 2002. Results: Statistically significant correlations were found when measuring angular variables between the OSAHS subjects and the control group. Investigation of the angular relationship between the measurements and the OSAHS severity, revealed significant results of clinical interest. Conclusion: Subjects with OSAHS demonstrated significant alterations in cranio-cervical form that may reduce the upper airway dimensions and subsequently impair upper airway stability and function.
Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome: Review Medical Science
(2015-12) Mageet AO
Abstract: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Hypopnoea Syndrome is a life threatening breathing disorder, caused by repeated upper airway occlusion during sleep. There are wide ranges of treatment procedures. This review article intends to facilitate the understanding of the non-surgical treatment of this disorder.
Tooth Size Discrepancy among Different Malocclusion Groups in a Sudanese Sample
(2017) Mageet AO
Introduction: The standard model of orthodontic treatment can be divided into three different stages as stated by Proffit, namely leveling and alignment, working and finishing phases. Each of these presents different challenges. In particular the final, or “finishing” phase, constitutes the most complicated for the complexity of the various factors that need to be taken into account if an optimum result is to be achieved at the end of treatment. One of these factors, often a primary cause of difficulty, is Tooth Size Discrepancy (TSD). Problems arising from this can be alleviated if the existence of TSD forms part of the initial diagnosis and is considered when formulating a treatment plan for the individual patient. Objectives: The present research aimed at determining the extent and prevalence in a representative orthodontic population in Sudan and to investigate the dimensions of TSD in this population that comprised a clinically significant factor. Materials and methods: The sample comprised 107 pretreatment study casts with fully erupted and complete permanent dentitions from first molar to first molar, which were selected randomly from records of the orthodontic patients. The mesiodistal diameters of the teeth were measured at contact points using a stainless steel digital caliper and Bolton analysis was carried out on them. Results: A clinically and statistically significant anterior TSD (p=0.002) existed in comparison to Bolton’s anterior tooth ratio. Measurements of the overall and anterior TSD between malocclusion groups showed no significant differences (P=0.572, P=0.976 respectively). In terms of gender, no significant differences were observed for the overall TSD data (P=0.102). In Class II division 1 mean overall ratio was lower than Bolton’s, and Class II division 2 mean overall ratio higher than Bolton’s [overall ratio (91.3%, SD ± 2), anterior ratio (77.2, SD ± 2)]. Conclusion: Class II division 1 patients showed a tendency towards excessive maxillary tooth material and Class II division 2 patients showed a tendency towards excessive mandibular tooth material.
The Use of Elastics in Orthodontics
(2017) Mageet AO
Background: Monitoring the confidence of students in completing clinical tasks by dental institutions could serve to assess their preparedness for future independent clinical practice. Aim: To obtain information regarding the confidence level exhibited by clinical dental students in various aspects of restorative dentistry. Study setting and design: The crosssectional descriptive study was conducted among the final year undergraduate dental students and interns of 2 dental colleges in Mangaluru, South Kanara. Materials and methods: Self administered questionnaires were distributed among 293 final year undergraduate dental students and interns.The cohorts were asked to score their level of confidence in 15 aspects of restorative dentistry using Likert’s 5 point scale. Statistical analysis used: The descriptive statistics was calculated using the SPSS version 20.0 and Mann Whitney test was applied to assess the association. The level of statistical significance was kept at p< 0.05. Results:The response rate for the survey was 100%. Interns showed higher confidence levels in almost all aspects of restorative dentistry particularly in diagnosis (p =0.028), preoperative procedures (p=0.000), manipulation of glass ionomer cement (p=0.043) and dental composite (p=0.000). Final year students and interns were comparably confident in restorative procedures (p=0.111) except for management of inadvertent pulp exposure in which interns showed greater confidence (p=0.003). Both interns and final year students exhibited low confidence in management of complex situations (p=0.217). Conclusion: Interns exhibited high confidence in restorative dentistry when compared to final years. Further training in management of complex situations could be of definite advantage.