Browsing by Author "Bain, Crawford"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

Awareness of Periodontal Health among Pregnant Females in Government Setting in United Arab Emirates
(2023) Khamis, Amar Hassan; Tawfik, Abdel Rahman; Bain, Crawford; Jamal, Mohamed; Atieh, Momen; Shah, Maanas
Objective: Periodontal disease is one of the most common infectious diseases. Several factors are associated with increased susceptibility of periodontal disease such as hormonal changes during pregnancy. Although pregnancy does not directly cause gingivitis, it can aggravate preexisting periodontal disease. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge of the association between periodontal disease and pregnancy in pregnant females. Materials and Methods: A convenience sample of pregnant females attending two United Arab Emirates government hospitals was recruited for this study. A 23-item questionnaire was developed with four sections, covering sociodemographic details, oral hygiene, oral symptoms during pregnancy, and knowledge of periodontal health during pregnancy. The study was conducted between April and October 2017. All participants consented to the survey. Results: A total of 100 participants with a mean age of 31 years (± 5.9) completed the survey. Most respondents brushed their teeth 2 to 3 times a day (65%), used a manual toothbrush (93%) but only visited the dentist when in pain (62%). Few respondents self-reported any gingival signs and symptoms during pregnancy; 38% had bleeding gums, 27% had no gum swelling, and 34% had bad odor/taste/smell. Only 21% of pregnant females lost a tooth/teeth during pregnancy, 15% believed that pregnancy increased the likelihood of gum disease, and 66% of gynecologists did not advise a visit to the dentist. Housewives were significantly less knowledgeable about periodontal health than students/employed respondents (p = 0.01). Quality of knowledge was not associated with educational attainment (< 0.06). Respondents > 30 years of age were more likely to believe in “a tooth for a baby” than younger participants aged < 30 years (p < 0.05). A logistic regression model showed that educational attainment was not a predictor for the belief in “a tooth for a baby” but age was a significant predictor (odds ratio = 2.0).
Effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (with or without oral doxycycline delivery) on glycemic status and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with prediabetes: a short-term longitudinal randomized case-control study
(2014-01-22) Bain, Crawford
Objective: The aim of the present short-term longitudinal randomized case–control study was to assess the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) (with and without oral doxycycline delivery) on glycemic status and clinical periodontal parameters in patients with prediabetes. Material and methods: Sixty-six patients with prediabetes and periodontal disease were included. Characteristics of the study cohort (age, gender, socioeconomic status [SES] education status, duration of prediabetes, and type of treatment adopted for prediabetes management) were recorded. Patients were randomly divided into two groups (33 patients/group). In group 1, scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed, and in group-2, patients underwent SRP and oral doxycycline (100 mg) administration once daily for 15 days. In each group, the following parameters were investigated at baseline and after 3 months: (a) fasting blood glucose level (FBGL), (b) hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and (c) periodontal parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing depth [PD], and clinical attachment loss [AL]). Statistical analysis was performed using Student’s test. Results: There was no significant difference in age, gender, SES, education status, and duration and treatment of prediabetes among individuals in groups 1 and 2. Three months post-NSPT, FBGL and HbA1c were significantly reduced among patients in group 1 (P < 0.05) and group 2 (P < 0.05) compared to baseline. Three months post-NSPT, PI (P < 0.05), BOP (P < 0.05), and PD (P < 0.05) were significantly reduced among patients in group 1 (P < 0.05) and group 2 (P < 0.05) compared to baseline. There was no difference in clinical AL between the groups after 3 months of NSPT. Conclusion: NSPT (with and without oral doxycycline delivery) reduces hyperglycemia and periodontal inflammation in patients with prediabetes.
Evaluation of the influence of crown-implant ratio on short implants supporting single crown in the posterior maxilla and mandible: a retrospective analysis
(2016-09) Darwish, Samy; Bain, Crawford; Hassan Khamis, Amar
Abstract: Short implants are considered a recent advancement in the dental implantology field. Machined short implants have been around since the 1980s but their high failure rate was used to justify sinus lifts; block grafts etc. Only with the newer micro-roughened surfaces have short implants been seen to be as successful as longer ones. In challenging cases where a residual ridge exhibits severe horizontal or vertical bone defects or when placement of an implant is limited by anatomical structures, short implants may be considered a practical option and may avoid the need for further extensive surgical procedures.
Knowledge of Physicians about the Interrelationship between Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontitis in the United Arab Emirates
(2022-07) Tawfik, Abdel R; Hassan Khamis, Amar; Bain, Crawford; Atieh, Momen; Shah, Maanas
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of morbidity in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), highlighting a significant social and economic burden impacting the development of the country. Studies have shown a bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease. The awareness of this relationship is imperative not only for dentists but also for the physicians who contribute toward enhancing a diabetic patient’s health and lifestyle. There is a general need to highlight the importance of maintaining periodontal health and its positive effect on controlling diabetic health status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the knowledge of the physicians regarding diabetes and periodontal health. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving a questionnaire was distributed to the physicians who were attending the Arab Health Conference in Dubai in 2019. Statistical Analyses: A cross-tabulation analysis compared attitude, knowledge, and awareness across sector, gender, and country of graduation. A logistic regression model was used to explain the “knowledge” regarding possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 344 physicians with an average age of 38.11 (9.31) years, comprising of 186 (53.8%) males, participated in the survey. Of those participants, 285 (82.8%) were working in the government sector health care centers versus the private health care organizations. Also, 108 (31.4%) of the participants graduated within the universities based in the UAE, while the remaining 263 (68.6%) participants graduated from medical schools from other countries. At least 265 (77%) of the participants had positive outlook toward referring patients with diabetes to their dental colleagues, while 283 (82.3%) of the physicians acknowledge that diabetes affects periodontal health. While a majority of participants 261 (76%) treat diabetic patients in their clinical practice, only 50 (19%) of the participants admit to referring these patients for a dental consultation. In addition, the survey also revealed that 225 (65.5%) physicians comprehend the bidirectional relationship of periodontal disease and diabetes. Conclusion: An appropriate dental referral protocol is recommended for all diabetic patients who visit physicians. This survey demonstrated that although the physicians present with good knowledge, they rarely refer diabetic patients to receive proper periodontal care.
Patient and Dentist Burnout – A Two-Way Relationship
(2018) Bain, Crawford
Abstract: Although professional Burnout is widely acknowledged, this paper proposes the concept that, in dentistry, there is a seldom identified phenomenon of Patient Burnout in some patients undergoing complex treatment, and that this may, on occasion, contribute to eventual Dentist Burnout. Warning signs and symptoms of potential Burnout patients are discussed and strategies proposed to prevent or minimize Patient Burnout.
Toothbrushing–Should We Advise Mechanical or Power Brushes? Results of an International Delphi Conference
(2018-10) Bain, Crawford; Kaklamanos, Eleftherios G
Background and aim: To develop evidence-based answers to a series of questions in relation to toothbrushing using a modified Delphi consensus approach. Oral hygiene and especially toothbrushing have been a fundamental part of the efforts to prevent caries and gingivitis. The questions discussed involved the frequency and duration of brushing, the effectiveness and safety of powered brushes and the recommendations for children and orthodontic patients. Review results: The Delphi panel agreed that twice daily brushing for 2 minutes and a systematic pattern is advised. Moreover, it was concluded that evidence suggests that power brushes are safe and more effective in the short and long-term compared to manual brushes in terms of plaque removal and gingivitis reduction. For children and orthodontic patients, the likelihood of enhancing compliance/convenience with use of a power brush was highlighted. Conclusion: Toothbrushing constitutes a fundamental part of the efforts to prevent caries and gingivitis. Clinical significance: Twice daily brushing for 2 minutes and a systematic pattern is advised. Power brushes are safe and could provide benefits, for adults, children and orthodontic patients.
Whole Salivary Interleukin-6 and Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Levels in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis With and Without Prediabetes
(2013-09) Bain, Crawford
Background: The cytokine profile in unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) of patients with prediabetes and chronic periodontitis (CP) remains uninvestigated. The aim of this study is to assess interleukin (IL)-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 levels in UWS of patients with CP with and without prediabetes. Methods: Eighty-eight males (aged 39 to 51 years) were divided into three groups: group 1: 28 patients with CP and prediabetes; group 2: 30 patients with CP and without prediabetes; and group 3: 30 controls. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth, attachment loss, and marginal bone loss), and number of missing teeth were recorded. UWS samples were collected, and UWS flow rate (UWSFR) was measured. IL-6 and MMP-8 were measured in UWS using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean FBG and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in group 1 (119.3 –3.1 mg/dL and 6.1% –0.2%) than group 2 (80.1 –3.5 mg/dL and 4.8% –0.5%; P <0.001) and group 3 (75.3 –2.2 mg/dL and 4.3% –0.2%; P <0.05). UWSFR was significantly higher in groups 2 (0.53 –0.1 mL/ minute; P <0.05) and 3 (0.51 –0.1 mL/minute; P <0.01) than group 1 (0.33 –0.05 mL/minute). Periodontal parameters were worse in group 1 (P <0.05) and group 2 (P <0.05) than group 3. There was no difference in periodontal parameters, numbers of missing teeth, or salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels between patients in groups 1 and 2. Conclusion: Salivary IL-6 and MMP-8 levels are elevated in patients with CP with and without prediabetes.