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Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM)

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Browsing Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine (HBMCDM) by Author "Al Raeesi, Shaikha"

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    Medical and Dental Implications of Patients with Beta Thalassaemia Major. Part 2: Orofacial and Dental Characteristics: A Review
    (2017-06-20) Al Raeesi, Shaikha; Kowash, Mawlood B.; El-Halabi, Manal
    Abstract: Thalassaemia, one of the most common genetic disorders, often causes serious medical, social, and psychological problems. Beta thalassaemia major is a life-threatening disorder that presents with a vast variability in the systemic signs and symptoms. In addition, orofacial and dental tissues are also affected. The common orofacial features among thalassaemic patients include: frontal bossing, skeletal overgrowth with characteristic appearances known as chipmunk faces, upper lip retraction, protrusion of pre maxilla bone associated with alveolar enlargement that causes malocclusion in the dentition with the clinical appearance of protrusion, flaring, spacing of anterior teeth and anterior open bite. The oral mucosa appears pale or a lemon yellow colour due to deposition of bilirubin pigmentation and anaemia. Sometimes the gingival colour tends to be dark, caused by high ferritin level in the blood. Current reports show a significant improvement in thalassaemia major patients’ survival rates. With increased life expectancy, the need for improved oral healthcare is very important to ensure a high quality of life for this patient population. This paper reviews the literatures and discusses briefly the dento-facial manifestations, radiographic features, dental caries, periodontal and soft tissue conditions related to beta thalassaemia major as well as dental management and considerations of thalassaemia patients.
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    Medical and Dental Implications of Patients with Beta Thalassaemia Major. Part1: General and Medical Characteristics: A Review
    (2017-06-12) Al Raeesi, Shaikha; Kowash, Mawlood B.; El-Halabi, Manal
    Abstract: Thalassemia is one of the most common inherited haemoglobinopathies characterized by either a partial or a complete suppression in the production of normal haemoglobin as a result of defective synthesis of one or more of the globins chains. Thalassemia is the most widely distributed genetic disorder. Approximately 5 % of the world’s population was found to have a globin variant, with only 1.7 % having an alpha or beta thalassemia trait. The Mediterranean region, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent and Far East Asia show the highest rates of prevalence of beta thalassemia. Beta thalassemia is considered to be a major public health issue, as well as a life threating condition characterized by severe anaemia, hepatosplenomegaly, growth retardation, endocrine dysfunction, cardiac failure and skeletal changes. Management strategies using blood transfusion and chelation therapy will improve the control of anaemia, suppression of erythropoiesis, and inhibition of gastrointestinal iron absorption of beta thalassaemia major patients. Bone marrow transplant is considered an excellent curative therapy in thalassaemic patients during childhood, which will provide prolonging life expectancy. This paper reviews the literatures and discusses briefly the definition, history, epidemiology, classification, aetiopathogenesis, general manifestation and general management of beta thalassaemia major.